- Paperback ISBN: 9781856493260
- paperback
- Paperback Price: $34.95 CAD
- Publication Date: 1995
- Rights: Canada
- Pages: 374
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Request Examination CopyA Land Without Gods
Process Theory, Maldevelopment and the Mexican Nahuas
Daniel Buckles, Jacques M. Chevalier
”A model of comprehensive, synthetic anthropology… Historically deep, ecologically subtle and symbolically rich while never slighting the key role of political economy.” —James C. Scott, Eugene Meyer Professor of POlitical Science, Yale University
”A masterpiece — anthropology at its best. While offering new insights into Nahua cosmology, this book speaks to critical issues of native production systems and rainforest environment subjected to predatory forces of the state and the market economy. A ‘must’ for anyone interested in Mexican native people and rural development.” —Luisa Paré, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
In this theoretically innovative study of maldevelopment and power relations among the Nahuas of southern Veracruz, Chevalier and Buckles explore the impact of Mexico’s cattle ranching and petrochemical industries on milpa agriculture and rainforest environment. They also examine how national politics and economics affect native patterns of patrimonial culture and social organization. In the concluding chapter, an ascetic worldview illustrated through corn god mythology points to meaningful ways of countering current trends of social and ecological impoverishment.
This major work of scholarship tackles key issues in ecology and development, theories of the state, gender analysis and symbolic anthropology. Against rigid conceptions of capitalism and native society, the authors apply their own theory of process to the orderly and contradictory features of social history. Established ways of doing things — a mode of government, a way of livelihood, a kinship and narrative tradition — are shown to reflect the imposition of a ruling order, an unequal distribution of the proceeds of society, and the confrontation of classes and parties, genders and age-groups, spirits and humans struggling for power.
Contents
- Introduction
- Anthropology and the Gulf Nahuas
- Research methods ad data base
- 1. From Colonialism to Revolution
- Coatzacoalcos, a prehispanic state
- The colonial period
- The liberal land policies
- The excesses and limits of the Porfiriato
- The lot system
- Pajapan and the Mexican Revolution
- PRI institutions, agrarian law and the cattle industry
- 2. State Theory and Native History (1930-68)
- From class politics to political classes
- The Gulf Nahuas and the new order
- 3. Oil and Cattle Politics
- PRI rancher caciquismo and the struggle for land
- From hegemony to ethno-populism
- Factionalism on the rise
- Caciquismo, ethno-populism and factionalism
- 4. The Economics of Maldevelopment
- Class structures, strictures and struggles
- Class formation and land distribution
- Cattle economics
- Small businesses and merchant capital
- Subsistence and small-scale commodity production
- Wage-labor employment
- Conclusion
- 5. Agro-ecology and the Means of Destruction
- Theories of production and irrationality
- A tropical ecosystem
- Turning forest into pasture
- The milpa transformed
- Hunters and fishers of diversity
- Conclusion
- 6. Dynamics of the Patrimonial Domain
- Kinship and process theory
- Descent, marriage and the household economy
- Demographic history
- Pajapan society in the 1980s
- Conclusion
- 7. Seeds, Sex and the Aztecs
- The social and the mythical
- The interpretive method: rudiments of scheme analysis
- An old couple and two eggs in a milpa
- The mocking iguanas incident
- The pilgrim fathers, the ant and the rock
- Waking the mother and resurrecting the father
- Warnings of the plumed serpent
- Conclusion: Theory and Praxis
- Outline of a theory of process
- The Sierra Santa Marta project
- Bibliography
- Index
About the Authors
Dr. Daniel Buckles is a Senior Scientist at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in El Batan, Mexico. He was formerly a professional artist, and his current work as an agricultural anthropologist has led him to deal with such topics as the development of sustainable agricultural systems, rural extension and policy analysis for natural resource management. He is a co-founder of the IDRC-funded project in the Sierra de Santa Marta with his co-author Dr. Chevalier and with Dr. Luisa Paré. He has recently completed a study of agricultural innovation entitled The Green Manure Revolution in Atlantic Honduras.
Dr. Jacques M. Chevalier, Professor of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University, Ottawa, has been part of the IDRC (International Development Research Centre) co-operative research project on sustainable development in the Sierra de Santa Marta, Mexico, since 1990. His scholarly interests have also included economics and kinship in native Latin America and semiotics as applied to a variety of disciplines, most recently to scriptural mythology. Among his publications are Civilization and the Stolen Gift: Capital, Kin, and Cult in Eastern Peru (Toronto University Press, 1982) and Semiotics, Romanticism and the Scriptures (Mouton de Gruyter, 1990).
Excerpt
Reviews
A Woman Who Made a Difference
There are times when we meet, however briefly, someone who touches our lives and whose presence lingers far beyond our everyday interactions. Muriel Duckworth was such a person. Intellectually curious, politically astute, warm, generous and inclusive, she was always open to new ideas and situations. Up until her death in 2009, she never stopped campaigning: for peace, for social justice, for the environment.
Muriel was a Quaker and a pacifist and her work, regardless of location or content, reflected her belief that the way to peace is simple and uncomplicated. “War is Stupid! Only love can save the world” was the motto she lived by. She practised what she preached, forging loving friendships and lasting relationships with her friends and colleagues alike. No one who met her was unaffected by her commitment and her joy.
Although she was known and respected around the world, at home in Canada she was just Muriel, “a very ordinary person who worked, raised a family and participated in her community,” writes Mariel Angus in A Legacy of Love: Remembering Muriel Duckworth. “But it was her deep concern for social injustice, coupled with her ability to create deep and lasting relationships with people from many different walks of life, that made her extraordinary.”
Angus is one of more than 30 people who responded to editor Marion Kerans’ call, after Muriel’s death, for personal stories and memories, and the result is this small but poignant book about a woman to be remembered.
This is the second book Kerans has had published about Muriel Duckworth, the first being Muriel Duckworth: A Very Active Pacifist, which chronicles the activist’s life in a formal, historical sense up to 1996. With A Legacy of Love, Kerans wanted to capture the final years, and the stories and testimonials came flooding in – from her children, grandchildren, friends and fellow activists alike. Indeed, A Legacy of Love is a collection of stories from those who loved Muriel. They are personal and often intimate memories, portraying a woman who cared deeply about people, peace and equality, and whose energy, compassion and friendship had no boundaries.
Selecting the stories was easy, says Kerans. “I didn’t have to choose,” she said. “I didn’t let anyone go.” She was able to use everything that arrived on time to meet the publisher’s deadline. “She had such a gift of loving people herself and it was reciprocated,” said Kerans. “Everyone wanted to claim her as their best friend. And she was everyone’s best friend. Muriel really brought out the best in all of us.”
Muriel Duckworth was, among many other things, a founding member of the Nova Scotia Voice of Women; a founding member of the Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women (CRIAW); and, in her later years, a member of the Raging Grannies, groups of activist women across the country who sing for peace and justice while wearing spectacularly gaudy hats. A steadfast fighter for women’s rights and equality, in 1974 she became the first woman in Halifax to run for a seat in the Nova Scotia legislature.
Muriel’s activism took her along different paths. She was active in the campaign to stop uranium mining in Nova Scotia for many years, and, in 2009, the new NDP government in Nova Scotia passed a law banning uranium mining to honour Muriel, making Nova Scotia the first jurisdiction in the world to make uranium mining illegal.
Her awards are many and include the 1981 Governor General’s Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case; the Pearson Medal of Peace in 1981; and the Order of Canada in 1983. She received 10 honorary doctorates, and the Order of Nova Scotia posthumously.
She was an organizer extraordinaire. In A Legacy of Love, Muriel’s daughter Eleanor Duckworth tells the story of waiting with her mother at the emergency room in Magog, Quebec, near their summer cottage. They came prepared. They read books, talked and ate their picnic lunch. When their wait was nearly done it occurred to Muriel that this was a prime organizing opportunity. She was preparing to facilitate a discussion in the waiting room “about the availability of doctors and what might be done about it” when her name was called.
Muriel Duckworth was a voice of reason and a symbol of hope. At a time when any reasonable person should be able to put up her feet and let the world know it is perhaps time to consider retiring, Muriel was still out there. In spite of her waning physical energy, she continued to attend gatherings and events, lectures and protests. When she died at the magnificent age of 101, expressions of love and caring poured in from around the world. “She was a living example of what we all should aspire to be,” writes Errol Sharpe, co-publisher of Fernwood Publishing.
Born Muriel Helena Ball on a farm in Austin, Quebec, on October 31, 1908, Muriel was the third of five children, and grew up in a close and loving family. Her roots were strong, and she carried these roots into her adult life, broadening the definition of family as she opened her heart and her life to everyone she met. In the words of her niece, Jean Cooper, she was “a gatherer of people, giving us the gift of her memory and time. She never lost her appetite for discovery or growth.”
One hundred years later, in 2008, there was a celebration in Halifax – a good, down-home birthday party with cake, friends and laughter. Not quite the traditional Maritime kitchen party though. The Rebecca Cohn auditorium was needed to accommodate the more than 1,000 people who gathered to honour this remarkable woman.
Muriel Duckworth was a person who made a difference. A woman who made a difference. A strong sense of social justice and her belief in people directed her life. She believed that love conquers all; that we must love with all our being; and that we must never lose hope. She was a passionate activist, speaking out against injustice and inequality, and a pacifist whose heart was constantly bruised by the aggression that continues to plague our world. The struggles are far from over, and she has left a legacy of love to guide us.
Judith Meyrick is a Halifax-based freelance writer, book reviewer and children’s author. Her latest book is Gracie, the Public Gardens Duck (Nimbus Publishing 2007).
—Our Times’ 2011 Annual Women’s Issue, Jan. 2011.